tsumakazari　妻飾
CATEGORY:　architecture / general terms
　
The embellishment of gable pediments, *tsuma, by exposed structural members that were part of the overall system of roof construction when interior roof elements were open to the underside of the roof, *keshou yaneura 化粧屋根裏. The term includes the ornamentation not dependent upon structure, that was applied to the gable pediments when ceilings, tenjou 天井, became common and the hidden roof construction, *noyane 野屋根, was erected over either the core of the building, *moya 母屋, or over the entire structure, including the surrounding aisles, *hisashi 廂. This change to the installation of ceilings occurred in the last decade of the 10c.
Typical types of decorative effects in the gable pediment are: *inokosasu 豕扠首, diagonal struts with center post; tateyokoshiki 竪横式, a system of vertical and horizontal lattice placed at desired intervals; kouryou kaerumata shiki 虹梁蟇股式, a system of ornamentation with rainbow beams and frog-leg struts; nijuukouryou kaerumatashiki 二重虹梁蟇股式, a system of two rainbow beams and frog-leg struts; nijuukouryou taiheizukashiki 二重虹梁大瓶束式, a system of two rainbow beams with bottle struts; *kitsunegoushi 狐格子 latticework. From the Momoyana period (1568-1615) to the end of the Edo period (1615-1868), the decoration in the gables, especially of hip-and-gable roofs, *irimoya yane 入母屋屋根, was extremely complex. Gables were large allowing a variety of decorative motifs to be combined with bracket complexes, *tokyou 斗きょう, rainbow beams, frog-leg struts, and bottle struts.
　

a) sasuzuka 叉首束　b) sasuzao 叉首竿
Houryuuji Shouryou'in 法隆寺精霊院 (Nara)

　
REFERENCES:
*oigatataiheizuka 笈形大瓶束, *kouzama 格狭間, *katoumado 花頭窓, *yuiwata 結綿.
EXTERNAL LINKS: 
　　
NOTES: 
　

(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.　No reproduction or republication without written permission.
掲載のテキスト・写真・イラストなど、全てのコンテンツの無断複製・転載を禁じます。