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takahei-zukuri@ ‚•»‘¢
KEY WORD :@architecture / folk dwellings
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Also pronounced takahe-zukuri. Lit., high wall construction. Also called *yamatomune ‘å˜a“, yamato-zukuri ‘å˜a‘¢, or houren-zukuri –@˜@‘¢ in Nara. A roofstyle found in late Edo period farmhouses, nouka ”_‰Æ, mainly in the plains of Yamato ‘å˜a and Kawachi ‰Í“à (now Nara and Osaka), though examples are also found in southern Yamashiro ŽRé and Western Iga ˆÉ‰ê (now in Kyoto and Mie prefectures). The main part of the house (the family living zone or kyoshitsubu ‹Žº•” and often that part of the earth-floored area *doma “yŠÔ immediately adjacent to it has a steep thatched gabled roof *kirizuma ØÈ, fringed with tiled pent roofs *hisashi ›ù of shallower pitch at the front and rear. It is the gable walls, *takahei ‚•», of the thatched portion that give the style its name. A form of wing walls *sodekabe ‘³•Ç finished in white plaster and given a tiled coping, the walls are sometimes constructed so that they stand above the thatch, while in other cases they are in the same plane or slightly recessed. Conceptually they have much in common with the truss post *udatsu ‰K—§ in its developed Edo-period phase as a firebreak, particularly at the lower end *shimote ‰ºŽè of a building, where the gable wall abuts a lower tiled roof *kamaya â}‰® with a smoke outlet *kemuridashi ‰Œo‚µ astride the ridge. There was often another lower ridge *ochimune —Ž“ abutting the gable wall at the upper end *kamite ãŽè of the building. This contained a reception suite and might be tiled or thatched. Ridge treatment of the central thatched roof between the gable walls varied: in older examples it was thatched, but more recent examples are tiled. Takahei-zukuri first appears in farmhouses of the highest status in Yamato and Kawachi in the mid-18c, and it was not until well into the Meiji period that examples began to proliferate among middle-income farmers. Until that time it was clearly an exclusive symbol of local pre-eminence to which the ordinary farmer could not aspire. Moreover, some of the earliest examples (such as the Naka ’† house at Ando ˆÀ“g in Nara. Takabayashi ‚—Ñ house in Sakai ä, and Yoshimura ‹g‘º house at Habikino ‰H‰g–ì in the plain of Kawachi, all dating from the 16c or 17c) originally had thatched, *irimoya yane “ü•ê‰®‰®ª, structures and were converted to takahei-zukuri in the 18c. The development of the style may possibly be linked to the development of the truss post in an urban context as a firebreak.
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