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shukukei@kŒi
KEY WORD :@architecture / gardens
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Lit. shrunken scenery. The imitation of a famous scenic spot meisho –ΌŠ in a garden through the creation of a miniature or shrunken version. Mountains, rivers, lakes, seascapes and even man-made structures from China and Japan were incorporated into garden design. Scenic spots frequently used as shukukei included legendary peaks such as Mt. Penglai *Houraisan –H—‰ŽR and Mt. Kunlun Konronsan ›ΐ›ΔŽR, as well as literary groupings of real places such as the Three Famous Views of Japan (Nihon sankei “ϊ–{ŽOŒi : Matsushima Ό“‡, Miyajima ‹{“‡ and Ama no hashidate “V‹΄—§), eight views of the Xiao and Xiang *Shoushou Hakkei ΰnΓ”ͺŒi, eight views of Oumi *Oumi Hakkei ‹ί]”ͺŒi, and the 53 Stations of the Toukaidou *Toukaidou gojuusantsugi “ŒŠC“ΉŒά\ŽOŽŸ. The idea of producing miniature garden views originated in China and dates from the Nara period in Japanese gardens. The use of shukukei reached its peak in the large *daimyou teien ‘ε–Ό’뉀 of the Edo period, where the cultural associations of the practice expressed the learning of the daimyou patron and where the sequential ordering of the more complex shukukei groups provided a useful organizing principle. A good example of shukukei at a daimyou teien is seen at Koishikawa Kourakuen ¬ΞμŒγŠy‰€ in Tokyo, where the Kiso –Ψ‘] and Tatsuta —³“c rivers, the Togetsu “nŒŽ and Tsuuten ’Κ“V bridges of Kyoto are some of the Japanese scenes represented, while the West Lake *Seiko ΌŒΞ and Mt. Lu Rozan ḎR number among the Chinese scenes. Other daimyou teien famous for shukukei include Ritsurin ‚jouen ŒI—ΡŒφ‰€ in Ehime prefecture, Kenrokuen Œ“˜Z‰€ in Ishikawa prefecture, and Rikugien ˜Z‹`‰€ in Tokyo.
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