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ryoubu torii@—Ό•”’Ή‹
KEY WORD :@architecture / shrines
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Also called yotsuashi torii Žl‹r’Ή‹, gongen torii Œ Œ»’Ή‹ or chigobashira torii ’tŽ™’Œ’Ή‹. A Shinto shrine gate, *torii ’Ή‹, where square posts call *hikaebashira T’Œ, chigobashira ’tŽ™’Œ, or kobashira ¬’Œ are set in front and back of the two pillars that support the ornamental entrance-gate. They extend a distance of slightly less than half the width between the bases of the main pillars, oyabashira e’Œ, measured from pillar center to pillar center. Each post is connected to the main pillars by two penetrating ties, hikaenuki TŠΡ. The posts are slightly inclined toward the main pillars. The top lintels, tie beam, wedges, center strut and mound-shaped bases are typical of a type of torii called *myoujin torii –Ύ_’Ή‹. The only difference is the addition of a circular plate *daiwa ‘δ—Φ, at the top of the pillars. Because of the amalgamation of Shinto and Buddhism from the 12 to 15c, some scholars suggest that the meaning of ryoubu can be equated with the Diamond and Womb Worlds, kontai ryoubu ‹ΰ‘Ω—Ό•”, of Esoteric Buddhism and that this style torii originally may have contained such symbolism. The ryoubu torii continued to be built after the Heian period at shrines where there was a mixture of Shintoism and Buddhism. Examples: Kubohachiman Jinja ŒE”ͺ”¦_ŽΠ (1535), in Yamanashi prefecture; Kehi Jinja ‹C”δ_ŽΠ (1645), in Fukui prefecture; and Itsukushima Jinja Œ΅“‡_ŽΠ (19c), in Hiroshima prefecture.
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Itsukushima Jinja Œ΅“‡_ŽΠ (Hiroshima)
Itsukushima Jinja Œ΅“‡_ŽΠ (Hiroshima)

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REFERENCES:
*torii ’Ή‹
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NOTES
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