@
ranma@—“ŠΤ
KEY WORD :@architecture / general terms
@
A transom. A rectangular opening, longer in the horizontal direction, constructed between the lintels *kamoi Š›‹ or uchinori nageshi “ΰ–@’·‰Ÿ, of the frame for sliding screens and the ceiling. Transoms may also be found at the boundary between a veranda and the interior of a dwelling, under the ridges of a gate, on a fence for above the main entrance *genkan ŒΊŠΦ of a structure.
Transoms filled with lattice or muntins in a variety of arrangements are called latticework transoms renji ranma ˜AŽq—“ŠΤ. Renji ranma often have small screens *shouji αŽq, called shouji ranma αŽq—“ŠΤ, slide horizontally on both sides and have a central strut where they meet when closed. This type of ranma was popular from the 12c through the 14c. Flat openwork *sukashibori “§’€ became common in the 15c. From the latter part of the 16c to approximately the end of the 17c, elaborate trees, figures and scenes from history and legend filled the transom spaces, especially in temple halls of the *shoin ‘‰@ style. In spite of transoms providing a place for decorative expression, they did not lose their function of increasing light and air circulation.
There are many kinds of decoration used in the transoms. The most common is plain lattice work koushi ranma ŠiŽq—“ŠΤ, like that used on the inside of the doors at Byoudouin *Hououdou •½“™‰@–P™€“° (1053) in Kyoto. Another common type of lattice is laid diagonally forming a lozenge pattern hishigoushi ranma •HŠiŽq—“ŠΤ. There is also the *yumiranma ‹|—“ŠΤ, which has curvilinear slats set into a transom. The osaranma β«—“ŠΤ has closely-spaced vertical bars and a small number of horizontals set across them. When the same type of lattice is used for transoms above a veranda, it is called sayaranma β—“ŠΤ. Transoms called *itaranma ”Β—“ŠΤ have thin boards with openwork designs cut into them or arranged decoratively with an open area. The Bamboo node transom *take-no-fushi ranma ’|‚̐ߗ“ŠΤ, has posts that are grooved at the base and neck to resemble bamboo nodes. The intervals between the posts have double wood strips that run diagonally.
@

osaranma β«—“ŠΤF
Old Nishinaga Ό‰i house / Hida no sato@”ς‘Λ‚Μ—’ (Gifu)

*yumiranma ‹|—“ŠΤF
Eihouji Kannondou ‰i•ΫŽ›ŠΟ‰Ή“° (Gifu)

@
REFERENCES:
@
EXTERNAL LINKS: 
@@
NOTES
@

(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
ŒfΪ‚ΜƒeƒLƒXƒgEŽΚ^EƒCƒ‰ƒXƒg‚ȂǁA‘S‚Δ‚ΜƒRƒ“ƒeƒ“ƒc‚Μ–³’f•‘»E“]Ϊ‚π‹Φ‚Ά‚ά‚·B
@