kiso 基礎
KEY WORD : architecture / general terms
 
The footing or foundation of a building. A generic term for any substructure that bears the weight of a superstructure. After preparing and leveling the ground, the location of the pillars and walls are marked out. Circular holes are made to receive the footing stones which support the pillars. Trenches are dug for the stone wall foundation. If the soil is weak, a deep hole is dug for the under-pillars. Some foundation stones are extra long large stones called candle stones rousoku-ishi 蝋燭石, kiso-ishi 基礎石 or *soseki 礎石 and are set vertically in the stone-fitted hole base. Plinth stones *nuno-ishi 布石 and base stones *ne-ishi 根石, are also used if needed. The soil around the foundation stones is then packed to ground level. When plinth stones or base stones are not used, a non-penetrating sill *jifuku nageshi 地覆長押, is laid directly across the top of the deeply embedded pillar support stone and along the foundation stones of the walls. The foundation includes a bed of smaller stones on which fill-in gravel *hazama-ishi 狭間石 is used to fill the interstices between the bedded stones and the non-penetrating sill.
The term kiso is also used for the bases of stone lanterns, ishidourou 石灯籠. See *tourou 灯籠 *ukeza 受座.
 
Ujigami Jinja Haiden 宇治上神拝殿 (Kyoto)
a) *nuno-ishi 布石 b) *soseki 礎石 
Ujigami Jinja Haiden 宇治上神拝殿 (Kyoto)

 
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