futatsudo tokyou　二斗斗きょう

KEY WORD :　architecture / general terms

Also written 双斗斗きょう and pronounced the same way or these characters can be read narabido tokyou or soudo tokyou. A bracket complex *tokyou 斗きょう, composed of a comparatively short bracket arm *hijiki 肘木, set in a large bearing block *daito 大斗. Two smaller bearing blocks *makito 巻斗, similar to twin bearing blocks narabito 双斗, are placed at each end resembling equal weights balanced on a scale. This bracket complex is usually placed in the interstice *nakazonae 中備, between the major bracket complexes atop the pillars *hashira 柱, and helps to support the weight of a purlin *keta 桁. The oldest extant example is found on Toudaiji Kaisandou 東大寺開山堂 (ca. 1254), Nara, with the twin bearing blocks placed on a frog-leg strut *kaerumata 蟇股. Therefore, this arrangement is often referred to as futatsudo kaerumata 二斗蟇股. Although it first appeared as part of the daibutsu style *daibutsuyou 大仏様, it later spread to the Zen style *zenshuuyou 禅宗様. Occasionally, it was incorporated into the so-called Japanese style *wayou 和様. Instead of the plain short bracket arm, a more decorative type is sometimes used.

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