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choudaigamae@’ ‘δ\‚¦
KEY WORD :@architecture / 1 aristocratic dwellings, 2 forlk dwellings
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1@A built-in ornamental doorway found in the raised area *joudan γ’i of a formal *shoin ‘‰@ style reception suite. Usually situated opposite the built-in desk tsukeshoin •t‘‰@, at right angles to the decorative alcove *tokonoma °‚ΜŠΤ and staggered shelves *chigaidana ˆα‚’’I. The classic type consisted of a pair of sliding opaque paper panels *fusuma ‰¦ flanked by fixed panels behind which the moveable panels were concealed when open. The threshold *shikii •~‹ was raised about 15cm above the top surface of the *tatami τ in the joudan, with a narrow strip of wall *kokabe ¬•Η, or riser board kekomi-ita Rž”Β (see *keage Rγ), between it and the floor, while the lintel *kamoi Š›‹ was lowered by an equivalent amount. Many of the surviving examples are elaborately decorated, with the frames picked out in black lacquer *urushi-nuri Ž½“h and embellished with gilded metal fittings *kanagu ‹ΰ‹ο, painted scenes on the fusuma and scarlet tassels hibou or hibusa ”κ–[ hanging down to form the door handles *hikite ˆψŽθ. Originally the choudaigamae constituted the entry to the master's sleeping room which was sometimes used as a store room *choudai ’ ‘δ or *nando ”[ŒΛ, and in a number of formal shoin structures of the Momoyama and early Edo periods, there was still an enclosed *choudai-no-ma ’ ‘δ‚ΜŠΤ beyond the doors. In a structure whose functions were ceremonial rather than residential, however, it was increasingly redundant and was often dispensed with. So the choudaigamae, if retained, became non-functional and purely decorative. From the latter part of the 17c, it became increasingly rare to construct choudaigamae. See *hashirama souchi ’ŒŠΤ‘•’u.


Hontokuji Oohiroma –{“ΏŽ›‘εLŠΤ (Hyougo)


2@Also called nandogamae ”[ŒΛ\‚¦. In traditional vernacular houses *minka –―‰Ζ from at least the 14c, the entrance to the back chamber *choudai ’ ‘δ or *nando ”[ŒΛ. As in 1 above, the threshold was usually raised but the lintel was not lowered, to judge from surviving examples. A single wooden sliding door katabiki itado •Πˆψ”ΒŒΛ with a flanking panel of timber *sodekabe ‘³•Η , or a pair of panelled sliding doors, itado ”ΒŒΛ, flanked by half bay panels were the most common types. The flanking panels were often designed to create a strong accent, like the example at Imanishi ‘Ό House (1650), Imaichou ‘ˆδ’¬ in Nara, with its armour-style timber siding, yoroi shitami itabari ŠZ‰ΊŒ©”Β’£‚θ. The panelled doors had a drop bolt, otoshisaru —Ž‚΅‰Ž, to lock the door. Sometimes an extra runner was provided for sliding screens behind the panelled doors. The choudaigamae first lost its high threshold and then gradually fell into disuse during the the Edo period as the back chamber became less enclosed, though in certain areas, such as the Island of Sado ²“n, it persisted until the 19c. It has been argued that the high threshold was originally provided to prevent straw bedding material wara ˜m from spreading through the house.


Murakami ‘Ίγ house (Toyama)

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REFERENCES:
*nurigome “h˜U
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