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choudouin@’©“°‰@
KEY WORD :@architecture / general terms
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In ancient Japan, a complex of buildings within the Imperial Palace used for affairs of State, enthronement ceremonies, and audience with foreign envoys. As a rule the choudouin was located in the center of the Imperial Palace facing *suzakumon Žι–ε (red bird gate). It included three parts: the daigokuden ‘ε‹Ι“a, the choudouin and the choushuuden ’©W“a. It was first used in Nagaokakyuu ’·‰ͺ‹{ (784). The term, choushuuden was already in use before the construction of Heijoukyuu •½ι‹{. Choudouin remains were end at Naniwa no miya “ο”g‹{ during the Emperor Shoumu Ή• Reign (724-49); at Shigaraki no miya Ž‡Šy‹{ (a detached palace); Fujuwarakyuu “‘Œ΄‹{ (694-710), Heijoukyuu •½ι‹{ (710-80); Kunikyuu ‹±m‹{ (740-44); Nagaokakyuu ; and *Heiankyuu •½ˆΐ‹{. At the original Heijoukyuu, the first choudouin was built in the center, while the second choudouin was built on the east side of the palace facing mibumon pΆ–ε. The choudouin often burned down at the Heiankyuu, but the complex of buildings were rebuilt each time, until it was burned down in 1177. The choudouin at Fujiwarakyuu, at the second Heijoukyuu, at Naniwa no miya, at the Nagaokakyuu, and at the Heiankyuu were approximately the same construction. The choudouin at Fujiwarakyuu differed by having the daigokuden, choudouin and choushuuden in line from north. The daigokuden was a building which the Emperor visited and therefore it contained an imperial throne. The perimeter of the choudouin was surrounded by a corridor, and had a gate that opened to the south. The choudouin was where subjects were seated when discussing administrative business or ceremonies. Later there were eight buildings at Nagaoka no miya and twelve buildings at other palaces. They were surrounded by corridors or packed mud fences *tsuiji ’z’n. The garden which surrounded the choudouin is called choutei ’©’λ, and subjects stood a line during a ceremony. The gate is opened on the south side. Choushuuden is where the assembled subjects waited until the time for a ceremony, and two buildings are arranged on left and right of south gate of the choudouin. A late example of the choudouin had a podium and base stone, a tiled roof, and was painted red. We can see a part of it on the worshipping hall of Heian Jinguu •½ˆΐ_‹{ which was built in 1895 from a copy of the daigokuden at the Heiankyuu. Over time, the choudouin became smaller.
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