tenmokuyuu　天目釉

KEY WORD :　art history / crafts

A black glaze used on straight-sided conical tea bowls known as tenmoku ware *tenmoku jawan 天目茶碗. The glaze contains iron salts which turn back when they are oxidized in a kill. If the iron content is low, a yellow-brown or liver-brown glaze called *ameyuu 飴釉 is produced. If iron content is high, it creates a red-brown glaze called *kakiyuu 柿釉. It originated in China in the 11-8c BC, and typifies Song dynasty, Jian ware kenyou 建窯, from Fujian-shen province. Example were brought to Japan in the Kamakura period by monks studying in China, at the end of the Song dynasty, and imitated, for example in Seto 瀬戸 (see *setoyaki 瀬戸焼). By the Momoyama period, high-quality Japanese black glazes like kokkatsuyuu 黒褐釉 (made in Seto), setoguro 瀬戸黒 and kuro-oribe 黒織部 (see *oribeyaki 織部焼) had developed. Tenmoku ware was used by the Japanese aristocracy for tea ceremony, and gradually, all black or black-brown glaze became known as tenmokuyuu.

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