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zenjou-in@‘T’θˆσ
KEY WORD :@art history / sculptures
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Lit. meditation mudra. A mudra or hand gesture *in ˆσ, formed by placing the palms on top of one another and resting them in the lap. It symbolizes the Buddha in a state of meditation, and is found only in seated images. In the iconography of Indian Buddhism it is called the meditation mudra (Sk: dhyana-mudra) or contemplation mudra (Sk: samadhi-mudra), and the Sino-Japanese designation represents a translation of the former: it is also abbreviated to jou-in ’θˆσ.
The prototype of this mudra, although not identical to it, appears already in Gandharan sculpture, and it may be seen in India in scenes depicting the Buddha seated in a cave preaching the Dharma to *Taishakuten ’ιŽί“V (Sk: Indra) and the offering of honey by a monkey to the Buddha. Later, with the rise of Esoteric Buddhism mikkyou –§‹³, it became the mudra characteristic of *Amida ˆ’–ν‘Ι. In the iconography of Japanese Buddhism, two types came to be differentiated, i.e., the meditation mudra of Amida *mida-no-jouin –ν‘Ι’θˆσ, used only in images of Amida, and the meditation mudra of the Dharma-realm *hokkai jouin –@ŠE’θˆσ, used mainly with *Dainichi ‘ε“ϊ in the *Taizoukai mandara ‘Ω‘ ŠE™ΦδΆ—….
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