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ooyuya@‘å“’‰®
KEY WORD :@architecture / buildings & structures
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Also called yuya “’‰®; yokushitsu —Žº; onshitsu ‰·Žº. A bathhouse. Traditionally, a separate building at a temple where the monks could bathe. The Shizai-chou, register of assets, (8c) mentions that a bathhouse measured 45.45m long ~ 12.6m wide, and had a tiled roof, *hongawarabuki –{Š¢•˜. An onshitsu, lit. hot house, was located some distance from the main part of the temple. There is some indication that the onshitsu may have been a steambath. Yokushitsu —Žº, lit. a place to bathe, refers specifically to hot water bathing. At Zen temples, the yokushitsu was one of the seven major buildings in a Zen temple compound, and had an image of Buddabahadra •§‘Êæë‘É—…, a common Zen image, inside the bathhouse. Bathhouses do not look especially different on the exterior from other relatively simple Buddhist buildings. While the layout of bathhouses vary, the interior must be functional. Usually bathhouses are 3~3 bays and have gable roofs, *kirizuma-zukuri ØÈ‘¢. The entrance is on the gable end, and the building is located southwest of the main part of the temple. The bathhouse at Hokkeji –@‰ØŽ› in Nara was rebuilt in the Muromachi period, 1332-1508, but the base stones, paving stones and well appear to be from the Nara period, and thus may have been reused. The building is 3~2 bays with a gable roof, kirizuma-zukuri. The cauldron used to heat water, now missing, used to heat the water was in the second bay on the left side. Exactly how the boiling water was directed to the bathing space is not clear, but it is thought that some kind of outlet sent steam under the floor. The floor of the bathing area was tiled on the front side, the place where the monks washed themselves. The largest extant bath house is at Toudaiji “Œ‘厛, 1408, in Nara and is called Ooyuya. It is 5~8 bays, 12.20m across the front and 22.82m along the sides. The front has a hip-and-gable roof, *irimoya-zukuri “ü•ê‰®‘¢, and the back has a simple gable roof, kirizuma-zukuri. The roofing material is tile, *hongawara-buki –{Š¢•˜. It has an iron tub over which there is a small timber roof to retain the steam. The floor is made of boards, with the exception of a 1-bay earthen floor on the gabled end and a 2-bay earthen floor on the hip-and-gabled end. Two bays in the rear have a fire box for heating water. The core of the building, *moya •ê‰®, has a board ceiling but the ceiling in the other parts of the building is open-beam, keshou yaneura ‰»Ï‰®ª— . The bathhouse at Myoushinji –­SŽ›, 1656, in Kyoto, is unusual because it has a belfly, yokushourou —à˜O, to announce the bathing time. The Ooyuya at Houryuuji –@—²Ž›, 1605, in Nara, is a rather small, 6~4 bays, with a single bay wide eave over the front entrance on the gable end. It faces north and opens into a changing area. It has a wooden tub in the center of the room. The plank floor slopes and the rear room has an earthern floor, *doma “yŠÔ, with two cauldrons for heating the bath water. There is no ceiling. Water was supplied through bamboo pipes. Only seven detached bath buildings used only for bathing remain today and are designated important cultural properties. The roofing is tile. The bathhouse at Toufukuji “Œ•ŸŽ›, 1459, in Kyoto, is another example.
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Toudaiji Ooyuya “Œ‘厛‘å“’‰® (Nara)
Toudaiji Ooyuya “Œ‘厛‘å“’‰® (Nara)

Myoushinji Yokushitsu –­SŽ›—Žº (Kyoto)
Myoushinji Yokushitsu –­SŽ›—Žº (Kyoto)

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