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Kojima mandara@Žq“‡™ΦδΆ—…
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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Also read Koshima mandara. A pair of Mandala of the Two Realms *Ryoukai mandara —ΌŠE™ΦδΆ—… in gold and silver paint on dark-blue twill originally kept at Kojimadera Žq“‡Ž› (Nara.) but now preserved at the Nara National Museum. Also known as Tobi mandara ”ς™ΦδΆ—… or Hikou mandara ”ςs™ΦδΆ—… (flying mandara). The Matrix mandala *Taizoukai mandara ‘Ω‘ ŠE™ΦδΆ—… is 349.1cm X 307.9cm in size and the Diamond World mandala *Kongoukai mandara ‹ΰ„ŠE™ΦδΆ—… is 351.3cm X 297.0cm. According to the temple tradition, Shinkou ^‹» (934-1004), who restored Kojimadera during the late Heian period, was given these two mandala by the emperor Ichijou ˆκπ during the Chouhou ’·•Ϋ era (999-1004), and they remained treasured possessions of the temple until recent times. Iconographically they differ markedly from orthodox versions of the Ryoukai mandara as transmitted by *Kuukai ‹σŠC (774-835): for example, the 16 deities of the Auspicious Aeon gengou juurokuson Œ«…\˜Z‘Έ are missing from the Vanquisher of the Three Worlds, Gouzanze-e ~ŽO’‰ο in the Kongoukai mandara, while in the Taizoukai mandara the positions of Tenkuraion “VŒΫ—‹‰Ή and Kaifukeou ŠJ•~‰Ψ‰€ in the Chuudai hachiyouin ’†‘δ”ͺ—t‰@ have been intercanged and the number of deities in the Soshitsuji-in ‘hŽ»’n‰@ has been increased to 16. It is generally considered that they date from around the Chouhou era when they are said to have been given to Shinkou but there are some scholars who place the date of their execution in the early Heian period. They are at any rate an unusually early example of the Ryoukai mandara, and because they are also in an extremely good state of preservation, they have been designated national treasures.
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