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chashi@ƒ`ƒƒƒV
KEY WORD :@architecture / castles
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Fort. An Ainu ƒAƒCƒk term for a fortification surrounded by a stockade fence or palisade *saku ς. Many had earthen embankments *doi “y‹ and dry moats *karabori ‹σ–x. Chashi were built in strategic positions yougaichi —vŠQ’n, on mountain tops, and close to lakes, rivers, the sea, and on islands. Remains of chashi have been found in approximately 1000 sites in Hokkaidou –kŠC“Ή as well as several dozen sites in Touhoku “Œ–k and Sakhalin. Many are irregularly shaped, following the lie of the land, but some are square, round, or a combination of these shapes. Square chashi are most common in northern and eastern Hokkaidou, and round ones in western and southern Hokkadou. Some chashi consist of a single fort, but many combine two or three structures, and chashi with as many as 7 or 8 forts have been found. Chashi excavated so far have dry moats between 2m and 8m wide, with embankments a few metres high on the inner bank of the moat. The inner measurements (inside the moat) vary from 14m by 40m, to 50m by 110m. Examples include Koshiyamain ƒRƒVƒ„ƒ}ƒCƒ“ in Hakodate ”ŸŠΩ City, Setana £’I in S.W. Hokkaidou and Ookawa ‘εμ in Yoichi —]Žs, near Sapporo ŽD–y. The term chashi survives in Hokkaidou place names, written ’ƒŽu, where the Japanese characters are used phonetically. Some scholars have also proposed that the origin of the term is not the Ainu language but the Korean "cas" meaning fortress. @
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REFERENCES:
*toride Τ, *tate ŠΩ, *jousaku ις
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NOTES
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