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Juudai deshi@\‘ε’νŽq
KEY WORD :@ art history / iconography
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Abbreviation of Shaka juudai deshi Žί‰ή\‘ε’νŽq. The Ten Chief Disciples of the historical Buddha *Shaka Žί‰ή. Typically, they are depicted with shaved heads and wearing priest's robes. Each disciple is associated with pre-eminence in one power or gift: 1 Sharihotsu ŽΙ—˜•€ (Pali: Sariputra) is associated with, wisdom: he expounded the law together with Shaka; 2 Makakashou –€ζd‰ή—t (Pali: Kassapa), with discipline after Shaka died, he led the disciples in editing Shaka's teachings; 3 Mokkenren –ΪŒš˜A (Pali: Moggallana), with supernatural powers. When his mother fell into the realm of hungry ghosts, he held services to send her soul to heaven; 4 Anaritsu ˆ’“ί—₯ (Sk: Aniruddha), insight: a cousin of Shaka, he took vows with Ananda, and although he lost use of his eyes, he was able to see the truth; 5 Shubodai {•μ’ρ (Sk: Subhuti), understanding the void: he frequently appears in Mahayama literature explaining the nature of immateriality; 6 Furuna •x˜O“ί (Sk: Purna), expounding Buddhist law or doctrine: he preached in the west despite the barbarous reputation of the people there; 7 Kasen'en ‰ήΡ‰„ (Sk: Kaccana), understanding the fundamental principles of Buddhist law: he received initiation directly from Shaka; 8 Ubari —D”k—£ (Sk: Upali), is associated with righteous conduct: although he originally worked as a lowly barber, he became Shaka's senior disciple; 9 Ragora —…‚²—… (Sk: Rahula), religious observance: son of Shaka, when Shaka returned home, Ragora took the tonsure and became his father's youngest follower; and, 10 Ananda ˆ’“ο‘Ι (Sk: Ananda), is known for his memory: cousin of Shaka, he took care of Shaka for 25 years, and, after the master's death, edited Shaka's teachings into sutras based on his own recollections. Noteworthy Japanese examples of the Ten Chief Disciples include: a set of dry-lacquered kanshitsu Š£Ž½ images in Koufukuji ‹»•ŸŽ› (734), Nara, and a set of wooden sculptures in Daihouonji ‘ε•ρ‰ΆŽ›, Kyoto, made by Kaikei ‰υŒc (active early 13c). Among graphic examples, Munakata Shikou's “•ϋŽuŒχ (1903-75) prints of 1939 provide a modern rendering of the theme. The Ten Chief Disciples are typically shown as monks, with shaved heads and monk's robes, and with Indian features.
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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