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Joudo Goso@ς“yŒά‘c
KEY WORD :@art history / iconography
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The Five Chinese Patriarchs of the Pure Land Joudo ς“y sect. The sect was organized in Japan by *Hounen –@‘R (1133-1212), but it already had a long history in China. The teaching stressed that faith in and reverence for the compassionate Buddha *Amida ˆ’–ν‘Ι, and would ensure rebirth in his Western Paradise or Pure Land. Five Chinese patriarchs are recognized: Tanluan (Jp: Donran “άκa, 476-542); Daochuo (Jp: Doushaku “Ήγ^, 562-645); Shandao (Jp: *Zendou ‘P“±, 613-81); Huikan (Jp: Ekan ‰ωŠ΄, ca.7c); and, Shaokang (Jp: Shoukou ­N, d.805). Japanese versions of imaginary portraits of the Five Patriarchs flourished with the spread of Pure Land beliefs throughout all levels of society during the Kamakura period. The earliest extant examples are derived from Chinese models of the Southern Song period. Typically the patriarchs are represented each on one of five hanging scrolls, as in the set at Mandaradera ™ΦδΆ—…Ž›, Aichi prefecture. However, all five figures may be depicted in a single composition at Nison-in “ρ‘Έ‰@, Kyoto. The subject was also painted in handscrolls *emaki ŠGŠͺ, notably Joudo Goso emaki ς“yŒά‘cŠGŠͺ (1305) in Koumyouji Œυ–ΎŽ›, Kanagawa prefecture, which includes sections of text and corresponds to the format of illustrated biographies of famous priests *kousouden-e ‚‘m“`ŠG popular from the 13c. By the late 14c, a portrait of Hounen was nearly always added to that of the Five Patriarchs.
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