A high
gate that is often referred to as a two-storied gate, but in fact does not
have two stories. Generally, it is an 8-leffed gate *hakkyakumon
八脚門. The Roumon at Hannyaji 般若寺 (1264) in Nara, is a 4-legged gate with
a single entrance the width of the gate, The roumon has only one
main roof over the whole gate in contrast to a true 2-storied gate that
has a flanking roof that surrounds the whole structure above the pillars
*hashira 柱, and bracket
complexes *tokyou
斗きょう of the first story. The roumon has no usable space in the upper
area. Instead of a flanking roof, it has a very shallow-balcony with a balustrade
that skirts the entire gate above the secondly pillars which are capped
by bracket complexes *koshigumi
腰組. These support both the balcony, the short posts and other upper structural
elements which carry the weight of the roof. Roumon usually have
a hip-and-gable roof *irimoya
yane 入母屋屋根, covered with tile *hongawarabuki
本瓦葺, shingles *kokerabuki
柿葺, o r cypress bark *hiwadabuki
桧皮葺. The bracket complexes may be in the wayou style *wayou
和様, or Zen style *zenshuuyou
禅宗様. The upper area may have two or three vertical muntins set in window
frames, *renjimado 連子窓,
or have window set in the center bay. The side bays may be covered with
white plaster. There is great variety of structural detail in roumon
gates.
Example: Oono Jjinja Roumon 大野神社楼門 (early Kamakura period)
in Shiga prefecture. It is an 8-legged gate. Iwakisan Jinja Roumon
岩木山神社楼門 (1628) in Aomori prefecture, 5 x 3 bays and has 3-entances. Toudaji *Chuumon 東大寺中門 (1711-16) is 5 bays wide with three doors, a hip-and-gable
roof *irimoya-zukuri 入母屋造
covered with tile hongawarabuki. |
