touou　藤黄

KEY WORD :　art history / paintings

Also kusashiou 草雌黄, abbreviated to *shiou 雌黄. Gamboge. A yellowish-red gum resin taken from the tree kaitouju 海藤樹 (Garcinia Glusiaceae), which grows wild in India, Thailand and other southeast Asian countries. Gamboge turns bright yellow in water, forming an emulsion which was used as a watercolour paint *mizu-enogu 水絵具. The oldest examples of its use in Japan can be found on Nara period E-ingakyou 絵因果経 (Illustrated Sutra of Cause and Effect), where gamboge is used over white lead *enpaku 鉛白 to give a yellow colour.

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