Tori youshiki　止利様式

KEY WORD :　art history / sculptures

A style of sculpture represented by the work of the 7c sculptor known as Tori busshi 止利仏師. Tori was believed to be the grandson of Chinese immigrant artist Shiba Tatsuto 司馬達等. Tori was also the head of a group of craftsmen originally from China called kuratsukuri-be 鞍作部. His style was strongly influenced by Northern Wei dynasty statuary such as the Lungmen rock carvings (Jp: Ryuumon sekkutsu 竜門石窟, 5-6c). A good example of Tori's work is the Shaka triad Shaka sanzonzou 釈迦三尊像 (623) in Houryuuji *Kondou 法隆寺金堂, Nara. The statues are made of gilt bronze, and have wide-open eyes with clearly delineated lids *kyouninkei 杏仁形. The lips are slightly upturned in an expression known as the archaic smile, or kosetsu 古拙, and the Shaka's robe falls in angular, stylized waves. Tori youshiki was very influential in the 6-7c, and various extant works in the same style are believed to have been made by members of Tori's school Toriha 止利派 or his descendants. A well-known work is the *Guze Kannon 救世観音 (gilt-wood) in Houryuuji *Yumedono 法隆寺夢殿 showing characteristic facial features and formalized symmetrical drapery (date and artist unknown).

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