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tatchuu@“ƒ“ͺ
KEY WORD :@architecture / buildings & structures
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Also written “ƒ’†. A simple building containing a pagoda that enshrined the ashes of a founder or head priest of a Zen ‘T temple. Gradually, it developed into a subsidiary temple for retired priests but was under the jurisdiction of the main temple. When the head of the subsidiary temple died, his subordinate disciple continued to reside there. Eventually, it not only provided a retreat for top-ranking priests but it became a family temple for daimyou ‘ε–Ό and wealthy merchants who gave tangible support to the temple. Although some tatchuu existed in the Kamakura period, they were few. But their number increased until the 15c, when many disciples who wanted independence from the main temple were required to request permission from the Ashikaga Bakufu ‘«—˜–‹•{. Other buildings were added to the tatchuu grounds. These included: the *shoudou ³“°, also called *kaisandou ŠJŽR“°, the focal point in the tatchuu of Zen temples which was also used to hold memorial ceremonies; the *rantou —‘“ƒ, a rotund, or oval shaped stone pagoda placed on a square or octagonal base, served to memorialize the deceased founder. The shoudou was constructed in front of the rantou; the *houjou •ϋδ, living quarters for the head priest, and sometimes for guests; the *kyakuden ‹q“a, a guest house; the *soudou ‘m“°, a hall for meditation, also called *zendou ‘T“°; the *jikidou H“°, a dining hall, and the kitchen *kuri ŒΙ—‘. The kitchen and dining were combined or in close proximity under the same roof. Some tatchuu also have a study *shoin ‘‰@, a store-house souko ‘qŒΙ, and a gate *mon –ε. Examples: Engakuji Shariden ‰~ŠoŽ›ŽΙ—˜“a, 3~3 bays, mokoshi ΦŠK Kamakura period, ; Kenchouji Shoudou Œš’·Ž›Ί“° (1629), both in Kanagawa prefecture; Daitokuji's subsidiary temple, Daitokuji Shinjuan Kuri ‘ε“ΏŽ›^ŽμˆΑŒΙ—‘ (1610), in Kyoto.
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
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