sanmen toushoku　三面頭飾

KEY WORD :　 art history / sculptures

Also sanmen houshoku 三面宝飾, sanmen houkan 三面宝冠. A Buddhist crown that consisted of three upstanding ornaments, one above the forehead and one on each side of the head. Made of wood or metal, the ornaments often had flower and foliage designs, and were inlaid with jewels. The three sections were sometimes held together by a decorative band *tenkandai 天冠台, and tassels *kantai 冠帯 hung down from the left and right sides. The sanmen toushoku was derived from a ladies' hairstyle worn in ancient India, and has been found on 6c figures in northern China. It was brought to Japan in the 7c, and was found on many *bosatsu 菩薩 statues of the Hakuhou period. Good examples are the Miroku Bosatsuzou 弥勒菩薩像 in Yachuuji 野中寺, Osaka and the Yumetagae Kannonzou 夢違観音像 in Houryuuji 法隆寺, Nara.

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