roku-en　六遠

KEY WORD :　art history / paintings

The six distances in Chinese landscape painting. Read riku-en. First mentioned by Han Cho (Jp: Kan Setsu 韓拙, active ca. 1095-ca. 1125), who wrote the Shan-shui Ch'un-ch'uan chi (Jp: SANSUI JUNZENSHUU 山水純全集, the Ch'un-ch'uan' Compilation on Landscape). Han Cho asserted that in addition to Kuo Hsi's (Jp: Kaku Ki 郭煕; after 1000-ca. 1090) three distances, there were three other distances: 1) katsu-en 闊遠 (broad distance), generally a wide stretch of water with a shore in the foreground and a spacious sweep to distant mountains; 2)mei-en 迷遠 (hidden distances), thick mists and fogs that interrupt streams and plains, and cause them to disappear; and 3) yuu-en 幽遠 (obscure distance), scenery that becomes obliterated in vagueness and mistiness. These three, together with Kuo Hsi's *san-en 三遠, are called the riku-en or six distances employed in landscape painting in China.

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