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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission.
fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B
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| katsuma mandara@γΉΦδΆ | ||||||
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| A form of mandala *mandara
ΦδΆ
in which the deities are represented by means of cast-metal, wooden or clay
images in three dimensions, as opposed to the more usual two dimensional forms.
The term katsuma mandara is a transcription of the Sanskrit karma-mandala,
meaning action mandara, and it constitutes one of the four types of mandara *shishu mandara lνΦδΆ
;
whereas the daimandara εΦδΆ
(great mandara), depicting the deities
in their physical form, represents the Buddhas' "mystery of the body" shinmitsu
g§, in Japan the katsuma mandara is considered to symbolize the
Buddhas' activities for the salvation of sentient beings . In the case of Japan,
21 images (of which fifteen of the original images are extant) based on the *Kongoukai
mandara ΰEΦδΆ
and Ninnoukyou gohou shoson-zu m€oάϋΈ} (Diagram of the Deities
of the Five Directions in the NINNOUKKYOU) were erected by *Kuukai σC in
the lecture hall *Koudou u° of Touji (Kyoto), and thereafter three-dimensional
mandalas were produced throughout the Heian period. There is said to have been
a mandala hall mandaradou ΦδΆ
° containing a three-dimensional *Hokuto
mandara klΦδΆ
at Hosshouji @ (Kyoto) founded by Emperor Shirakawa Ν in
1077 and a hall named Ryoukaidou ΌE° containing complete images of the deities
of the *Ryoukai mandara
ΌEΦδΆ
at Chuusonji Έ in Hiraizumi ½ς (Iwate prefecture; late Heian period /12c),
but neither remains today. An extant example of a katsuma mandara is the
small three-dimensional work representing deities from the Kongoukai mandara (with
the *gochi nyorai άq@
and four paramita bodhisattvas shiharamitsu bosatsu lg
¨μF shown in their
physical form and the other deities represented by symbolic objects) that was
unearthed from a sutra mound kyouzuka oΛ at Nachi ίq (Wakayama prefecture).
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(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.@No reproduction or republication without written permission. fΪΜeLXgEΚ^ECXgΘΗASΔΜRecΜ³f‘»E]ΪπΦΆά·B |
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